What Students Really Think About AI in Education—and What Ed-Tech Builders Can Learn
A practical reading of a 2025 study of 85 university students: AI is already part of everyday academic life,
but the real opportunity is not to replace learning—it is to design better learning around it.
Based on: Aniella Mihaela Vieriu & Gabriel Petrea, “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on
Students’ Academic Development,” Education Sciences, 15(3), 343 (2025).
The paper in one minute
The study surveyed 85 second-year Aerospace and Medical Engineering students at the National University of
Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest. It used 11 questionnaire items—7 closed-ended and 4
open-ended—and combined descriptive statistics with thematic analysis of student responses.
The authors’ central message is balanced: students see clear value in AI for learning, but they also worry
about inaccurate answers, over-dependence, weaker critical thinking, privacy, and academic integrity. Their
recommendation is not “AI everywhere,” but structured, ethical, human-centred integration.
Key findings
95.6%reported using AI for academic activities
88.2%reported using virtual assistants such as ChatGPT, Siri, or Google
Assistant
82.4%believed AI contributes to better academic performance
83.5%believed AI improves learning efficiency
The qualitative responses make the numbers more interesting. Students most often described AI as a
time saver: 42 responses highlighted faster research, synthesis, information processing, or
repetitive-task automation. Another 24 responses focused on better comprehension, including
step-by-step explanations, summaries, and simplified concepts. Sixteen responses emphasized
information structuring—outlines, organization, visualization, and navigating large amounts
of material.
But the biggest concern was accuracy. In the study’s thematic analysis, 60 responses
identified unreliable, outdated, irrelevant, incomplete, or misleading information as a major limitation.
Students also mentioned over-dependence, reduced critical thinking, errors, lack of human interaction,
privacy, and ethics.
The most useful takeaway: students are not simply asking for more AI. Their responses
point toward AI that explains, personalizes, structures, and accelerates learning—while still requiring
the learner to think, verify, and engage with people.
Criticism of the research paper
The paper is useful as an exploratory snapshot, but its evidence should not be stretched into a general
claim about “students” or about AI actually improving learning outcomes.
1. The sample is narrow
There were only 85 participants, all second-year students from two engineering programs at one university.
The authors themselves state that the results are preliminary and exploratory and cannot be generalized to
all students or other fields.
2. It measures perceptions, not learning gains
Many headline findings are self-reported beliefs: students think AI improves performance or
efficiency. That is different from demonstrating higher test scores, stronger retention, better transfer, or
improved long-term academic outcomes.
3. No causal comparison
The questionnaire does not establish that AI caused better academic performance. There is no reported
randomized intervention, control group, pre/post learning comparison, or experimental manipulation that
would support a causal conclusion.
4. Limited measurement depth
The instrument contains only 11 items, with seven closed-ended questions. That is practical for a survey,
but it limits how deeply constructs such as critical thinking, creativity, dependence, and learning quality
can be measured.
One important tension: the paper describes triangulation across the two programs as
strengthening validity and even “generalizability,” while later explicitly says the findings cannot be
generalized. The cautious interpretation is the latter: cross-program comparison may add useful
consistency checks, but it does not make a small, purposive, single-university sample representative of
students more broadly.
What I can learn—and borrow—for my ed-tech projects
1. Build for learning, not answers
Design AI to give hints, explanations, examples, questions, and next steps instead of immediately
completing every task.
2. Make verification part of the UX
Because accuracy was the dominant concern, show sources where possible and create deliberate “check
this” moments before an answer becomes accepted knowledge.
3. Detect knowledge gaps
The students specifically asked for systems that identify gaps and recommend exercises. This maps
directly to adaptive practice engines and personalized learning paths.
4. Turn AI into a study organizer
Use AI for summaries, concept maps, outlines, vocabulary support, revision plans, and structured
notes—not only chat.
5. Add “productive struggle”
For your English, math, and learning apps, occasionally withhold the final answer and require the
learner to attempt, explain, predict, or correct something first.
6. Keep teachers and humans in the loop
Use AI for scale and personalization while preserving teacher feedback, dialogue, motivation, context,
and human judgement.
7. Measure outcomes, not just usage
A useful product experiment should track learning evidence: accuracy, retention, independent
problem-solving, completion, and transfer—not merely clicks, chats, or AI usage.
8. Give students explicit AI literacy
Teach learners how to question outputs, verify claims, recognize uncertainty, cite appropriately, and
use AI without outsourcing their thinking.
The bigger lesson for an ed-tech builder
The paper’s strongest idea is not that AI makes education better. It is that AI changes what the
learning experience can look like. Students value speed and personalization, but they also
recognize that convenience can become dependency.
That suggests a useful product principle: every AI feature should have a learning purpose.
If a feature merely removes effort, it may improve convenience without improving learning. If it helps a
learner understand, practice, reflect, verify, organize, or gradually become independent, it has a clearer
educational role.
For small, focused ed-tech products, this is a powerful design direction: use AI as a tutor, coach,
explainer, verifier, and personal learning assistant—while deliberately designing the product so that the
learner remains the thinker.
